Power Quality and FACTS

Syllabus:

1. INTRODUCTION TO POWER QUALITY

Terms and definitions: Overloading - under voltage - over voltage. Concepts of transients - short duration variations such as interruption – long duration variation such as sustained interruption. Sags and swells – voltage sag – voltage swell – voltage imbalance – voltage fluctuation - power frequency variations. International standards of power quality. Computer Business Equipment Manufacturers Associations (CBEMA) curve.

2. VOLTAGESAGS, INTERRUPTIONS AND OVERVOLTAGES

Sources of sags and interruptions- estimating voltage sag performance. Thevenin’s equivalent source –analysis and calculation of various faulted condition. Voltage sag due to induction motor starting. Estimation of the sag severity- mitigation of voltage sags, active series compensators. Sources of over voltages - Capacitor switching – lightning - ferro resonance. Mitigation of voltage swells - surge arresters - low pass filters - power conditioners. Lightning protection – shielding – line arresters - protection of transformers and cables.

3. HARMONICS

Harmonic sources from commercial and industrial loads, locating harmonic sources. Power system response characteristics- Harmonics Vs transients. Effect of harmonics- harmonic distortion- voltage and current distortion - harmonic indices - inter harmonics – resonance. Harmonic distortion evaluation -devices for controlling harmonic distortion – passive and active filters.

4. REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION

Reactive power flow control in Power Systems – Control of dynamic power unbalances in Power System – Power flow control – Constraints of maximum transmission line loading – Benefits of FACTS Transmission line compensation – Uncompensated line – Shunt compensation – Series compensation – Phase angle control – Reactive power compensation – Shunt and Series compensation principles – Reactive compensation at transmission and distribution level-Power Factor Correction methods .

5. STATIC SHUNT AND SERIES COMPENSATORS

Shunt Compensator: SVC and STATCOM – Operation and control of TSC, TCR and STATCOM – Compensator control – Comparison between SVC and STATCOM.

Series Compensator: TSSC, SSSC -Static voltage and phase angle regulators – TCVR and TCPAR Operation and Control –Applications – Static series compensation – GCSC,TSSC, TCSC and Static synchronous series compensators and their Control – SSR and its damping.

Books:

1. Roger. C. Dugan, Mark. F. McGranagham, Surya Santoso, H.Wayne Beaty, ‘Electrical Power Systems Quality’ McGrawHill,2003.

2. Edward.F.Fucks and M.A.S.Masoum, “Power Quality in Power System and Electrical Machines,” Elsevier Academic Press, 2013.

3. J.Arrillaga, N.R.Watson, S.Chen, 'Power System Quality Assessment', Wiley, 2011.

4. K R Padiyar, “FACTS Controllers in Power Transmission and Distribution”, New Age International Publishers, 2007.

5. X P Zhang, C Rehtanz, B Pal, “Flexible AC Transmission Systems- Modelling and Control”, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2006.

6. G. T.Heydt, “Power Quality”, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2007.

7. M.H.J Bollen, ‘Understanding Power Quality Problems: Voltage Sags and Interruptions’, (New York: IEEE Press, 1999)

8. G.J.Wakileh,“Power Systems Harmonics–Fundamentals, Analysis and Filter Design,” Springer 2007.

9. N.G. Hingorani, L. Gyugyi, “Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems”, IEEE Press Book, Standard Publishers and Distributors, Delhi, 2001.

10. K.S.Sureshkumar, S.Ashok , “FACTS Controllers & Applications”, E-book edition, Nalanda Digital Library, NIT Calicut, 2003.

11. S.Vedam, M.S.Sarma, “Power Quality–VAR Compensation in Power Systems,” CRC Press 2013.

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